Cop28 and the United Nations body responsible for overseeing the annual climate conference are facing criticism for their lack of clarity regarding the safety of activists who wish to demonstrate outside the conference area in Dubai.
This situation has raised concerns about the potential risk faced by civil society, considering that protests are typically prohibited in the country. With at least 80,000 people registered to attend the conference, including thousands of activists and members of civil society, concerns about their safety are mounting, as per The Guardian.
Rare Public Protests at UAE's COP28 Climate Talks
Activists of the Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law, and Development network lift placards against fossil fuels during a protest at the COP28 United Nations climate talks in Dubai on December 4, 2023.
The United Nations' COP28 climate talks on Sunday saw a rare sight in the United Arab Emirates - public protests. From the largest demonstration since the start of the Israel-Hamas war to environmental issues, activists allowed into the UAE can protest under strict guidelines in this autocratic nation. This sets a unique precedent in a country that has typically limited dissent and stifled freedom of expression.
Among those allowed into the country are human rights researchers from organizations that have long been banned. For some, this marks the first opportunity in a decade to offer criticism, although they are aware that it might prevent them from returning in the future.
While the acceptance of limited protests at COP28 may create a false image of the UAE as a country that respects rights, critics argue that it is an opportunity for the UAE government to improve its international image.
The UAE bans political parties and labor unions, and laws strictly restrict speech. The majority of the population is made up of low-paid expatriate laborers who are hesitant to voice their concerns due to fears of losing their livelihoods. Moreover, the UAE's diplomatic ties with Israel further complicate matters, making protesting on behalf of Palestinians a contentious issue.
Despite the challenges, the UN and the UAE agreed to allow free expression during COP28. Activists have had to seek approvals from organizers for their demonstrations, and strict guidelines are in place.
Demonstrators are prohibited from waving national flags or singling out specific countries. However, over 100 people gathered in a solidarity protest on behalf of Palestinians, only a short distance from Israel's pavilion at Dubai's Expo City. Israeli security personnel observed from a distance, according to Associated Press.
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Protest Limits and Surveillance Concerns at COP28
Criticism of Israel's conduct in the war has been voiced by world leaders and activists, many of whom wore the traditional Palestinian checkered keffiyeh. However, unlike previous COP summits, there haven't been large-scale marches outside the venue.
While the loosened rules for COP28 are seen as a positive development by some, concerns about surveillance and restricted political space persist. Participants have reported extensive security measures, including thousands of security cameras, mass surveillance, and suspected cases of phone hacking.
Despite these challenges, activists at COP28 are using humor and creative tactics to draw attention to the climate crisis. American activist Alice McGown dressed up as a dugong, holding a sign that read "No More Fossils," in protest of the planned expansion of offshore gas operations in a protected marine area.
Overall, COP28 in Dubai presents a unique dynamic for activists and civil society members, offering an opportunity to voice their concerns on a global platform. However, uncertainties and restrictions surrounding their safety and freedom of expression remain, raising questions about the true extent of free speech in the UAE, Rauters reported.
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