Scientists successfully mapped the genome of eucalyptus trees and now plan to use the information to fully understand how the species survived climate change, and how it can be used for other applications such as biofuel and fiber.
The eucalyptus tree is popular for its connection to the koalas and is abundant in Australia. Scientists wondered how this tree continued to flourish despite poor soil, dry spells and fires that commonly occur in the area.
Researchers from the University of Pretoria in South Africa led by Prof. Zander Myburg spent five years mapping the genome. In total, the eucalyptus grandis tree has at least 36,000 genes and 640 million base pairs.
"Now that we understand which genes determine specific characteristics in these trees, we can breed trees that grow faster, have higher quality wood, use water more efficiently and will cope better with climate change," said Prof. Myburg in a press release.
Myburg explained that the genome sequence could aid researchers in using the raw material from the tree to produce certain chemicals. In addition, the team explored the possibility of using the oil from the eucalyptus tree for the creation of jet fuels. The team was also able to pick out 113 genes that could be synthesized into fragrance.
Aside from its potential commercial applications, the genome sequence would also be valuable in understanding how the tree managed to adapt to climate change and its role in the preservation of koalas.
Dr. Carstern Kulheim, one of the researchers from the Australian National University, also stated that the genome sequence was necessary in identifying the tree's significance in terms of biodiversity.
"The genetic code will help us understand a foundation species for the Australian ecosystem and how it affects other species, from fungi through to the koala," Kulheim said in a press release.
Further details of the study were published on the June 13 issue of Nature.
